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the world might be round and the works of Galileo on the rotation of the Moons of Jupiter might just be analogous with the rotation of the earth around the Sun.
Progress does not come without a price… Einstein opened up the world of quantum physics by example asking whether the train you are travelling on is moving or merely the world outside your window. Einstein correctly predicted that the period of time that Mercury hides behind the sun from our point of observation on the Earth, is shorter than the time illustrated in the Principia Mathetica, the work of Newton on the sweeping arcs of the Planets that has lead to the freshman study of Calculus ever since. The rate of change of any item with respect to time, d(any physical amount you might decide to measure)/dt did not take into account that the physical measurements of the Universe, even the neighbourhood of it that we inhabit was inextricably related to the measurement of time. You see Mercury close to the Sun pops out a little early from the Sun’s silhouette when observed from a distant object, such as the Earth, because the light rays from Mercury are bent inwards towards the earth, briefly by curvature of space-time caused by a such a relatively large mass in between the Earth and our not-one but next-door neighbour. In a stroke Einstein established the equivalence of mass and energy and also the oneness of space and time. This opened the world of atomic physics but created another conundrum, the quantum world followed where small scale physics appeared to render mass equivalent to wave energy and therefore the universe could not only be described in terms of time, energy and mass but also by the probability of any part of that occurring in any point in the new ‘space-time’.

Confused? In the words of the famous Physicist, Richard Feynman, if you aren’t confused – you haven’t understood it. In our lifetime we are awaiting the Grand Unified Theorem to unite both Einstein’s Universe where mass and Energy are equivalent but also that Space and Time are united. The Grand Unified Theorem will connect these apparent truths with the quantum world where all observed physical events can just as easily be described as wave events, with an according probability. The most recent progress connects Fractal Mathematics and self-similarity at a subatomic level with the features of the Universe that tantalise our imaginations.

So what does progress in the field of Art, Physics, Small and Large have in common, well they are all motivated by the higher l spending of taxation through history by the people who wished to preserve their position. The prominent characters of the Italian kingdoms fought for and respected the work of artisans such
as Da Vinci, because they were fighting for power in what was obviously the rise of a superpower to rival the Vatican. As a result it began to take decades for the Church to catch up with Galileo and Da Vinci. Once rationalism had been
established in Science and Art then the secondary motivations of mankind took hold. The rise of militarism took place and it predicts the world today. North America was formed by the disaffected of Europe and they have taken on the
 
 
 
 
 
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